Soft starters:
A soft starter is a solid-state system or device that protects AC motors from damage by limiting the power surge associated with the high initial current during startup.
It provides a gradual full-speed ramp-up during startup and is used only during startup (or configured to be used during shutdown if applicable). The initial voltage is gradually increased to allow the motor to start progressively.
Soft starters are also known as reduced voltage soft starters (RVSS) and help reduce the voltage drop typically associated with motor starting.
Soft starters are used in the following applications:
- Where speed and torque control are needed only during startup (including soft stopping if configured).
- When reducing the large starting current surges associated with large motors.
- In mechanical systems that require a slow start to alleviate torque peaks and tension during normal startup (e.g., conveyors, belt drive systems, gears, etc.).
- Pumps to eliminate pressure fluctuations in pipeline systems caused by rapid changes in liquid direction.
How Soft Starters Work:
Electrical soft starters temporarily reduce the voltage or current input by lowering the torque. Some soft starters may use solid-state devices to help control the flow of current. They can control one to three phases, with three-phase control typically yielding better results.
Most soft starters use a series of controllable silicon or silicon-controlled rectifiers (SCRs) to reduce voltage. In the off-state, the SCRs limit current, but in the on-state, they allow current to flow. The SCRs are activated during the ramp-up period and pull in bypass contacts after reaching maximum speed. This significantly helps reduce motor heating.
By incorporating soft starters into your system, you can effectively manage motor startups, protect equipment, and improve operational efficiency in various industrial applications.
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