(1) What is the cylinder:
A cylinder is a mechanical device that converts the energy of compressed air into linear motion.

(2) What are the cylinder operations:

1、In order to operate the cylinder, a gas such as air must first be pressurized. This can be done using a pump. Since air usually exists at atmospheric pressure, a pump is used to push a certain volume of air into a smaller space so that its pressure increases above atmospheric pressure. Compressed air stores the energy used to compress it. When allowed to expand, this air will tend to decompress back to its original atmospheric pressure.

2、The air cylinder is based on this principle. The air is compressed and then enters a cylindrical chamber below the removable piston. Compressed air exerts a force on the bottom of the piston, causing it to move upward through the hollow cylinder. The rod runs from the bottom of the piston up through the top of the cylinder. When compressed air expands into a given space and moves up the piston, the rod also moves, providing a way to move other mechanical elements.

The position of the piston in the cylinder is controlled by a valve that delivers compressed air to the top or bottom of the cylinder. When the rod end or top of the cylinder is filled with pressurized air, the piston moves down and the air below the piston is discharged through the exhaust pipe. The compressed air entering the base causes the piston to move upward, and the air above the piston is expelled. The system allows the cylinder to operate repeatedly to generate force.